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  • Cardiac Stress Echocardiogram (Exercise or Dobutamine): a medical test that indirectly reflects arterial blood flow to the heart during physical exercise. When compared to blood flow during rest, the test reflects imbalances of blood flow to the heart's left ventricular muscle tissue – the part of the heart that performs the greatest amount of work pumping blood.
    • Exercise Stress Echocardiogram
    • Dobutamine Stress Echocardiogram
  • MRI brain: a test that uses a magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to take pictures of the head. In many cases, MRI gives information that cannot be seen on an X-ray, ultrasound, or computed tomography (CT) scan and can show tissue damage or disease, such as infection, inflammation, or a tumor.
  • CT brain:
    • bleeding, brain injury and skull fractures
    • bleeding due to a ruptured/leaking aneurysm in a patient with a sudden severe headache
    • a blood clot or bleeding within the brain shortly after a patient exhibits symptoms of a stroke
    • a stroke
    • brain tumors
    • enlarged brain cavities in patients with hydrocephalus
    • diseases/malformations of the skull
    • evaluate the extent of bone and soft tissue damage in patients with facial trauma, and planning surgical reconstruction
    • diagnose diseases of the temporal bone on the side of the skull, which may be causing hearing problems
    • determine whether inflammation or other changes are present in the Para nasal sinuses
    • plan radiation therapy for cancer of the brain or other tissues
    • guide the passage of a needle used to obtain a tissue sample (biopsy) from the brain
    • assess aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations
  • CT chest:
    • Detect both acute and chronic changes in the lung parenchyma, that is, the internals of the lungs. It is particularly relevant here because normal two dimensional x-rays do not show such defects. A variety of different techniques are used depending on the suspected abnormality.
    • For evaluation of chronic interstitial processes (emphysema, fibrosis, and so forth), thin sections with high spatial frequency reconstructions are used often scans are performed both in inspiration and expiration. Continuous images are provided in a standard CT of the chest.
    • Detect airspace disease (such as pneumonia) or cancer, relatively thick sections and general purpose image reconstruction techniques may be adequate. IV contrast may also be used as it clarifies the anatomy and boundaries of the great vessels and improves assessment of the mediastinum and hilar regions for lymphadenopathy; this is particularly important for accurate assessment of cancer.
  • Detect pulmonary embolism (PE) and aortic dissection, and requires accurately timed rapid injections of contrast.
Note: CT is the standard method of evaluating abnormalities seen on chest X-ray and of following findings of uncertain acute significance.
  • MRI LS (Lumbosacral) Spine: To identify anatomic abnormalities or disease processes of the LS spine.
    • Indications for radiography of the LS spine include, but are not limited to:
      • Trauma to, or potentially involving, the LS spine.
      • Back pain in the lumbar region.
      • Pain radiating into legs.
      • In children, limping or refusal to bear weight, suspected congenital anomaly of the LS spine, and syndromes associated with spinal abnormalities.
      • Current or prior surgery to the LS spine.
      • Evaluation of a LS spine abnormality seen on another imaging study, e.g. bone scan.
      • Arthritis.
      • Osteoporosis; compression fractures.
      • Follow-up of previous LS spine abnormality.
      • Evaluation of primary and secondary malignancy.
  • Stress MRI: the technique of choice for the dynamic study of cardiac motion and cardiac contractile function. The stress test can be provoked by physical exercise (hard to set up during an MRI examination) or via pharmacodynamic action.
  • Basic spine screening with MRI: the noninvasive procedure to evaluate different types of tissue, including the spinal cord, vertebral disks and spaces between the vertebrae through which the nerves travel, as well as distinguish healthy tissue from diseased tissue.
  • Allergy skin test: to identify the allergy substance (the allergen) that is triggering the allergic reaction.
 

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